https://www.tlsbhawaii.com/resources daily 0.75 2022-11-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1621049336661-NDLGDQ287944Z4BZ7DYC/2020-05-15+Palani+NRCS+%2832%29.JPG Resources - Information Spittlebugs are not a new problem in pastures. Research on Twolined Spittlebug has been conducted in the US and South America since the 60’s. Hawaii’s impact is unique in that TLSB is rapidly destroying some of our main forage species in areas where it has become established. Hawaii Resources & References: TLSB Identification Guide (card) Big Island Invasive Species Committee - TLSB page The Silent Invasion 2017 CTAHR Alert - New Spittlebug on Pasture Grasses in Hawaii Twolined Spittlebug, Prosapia bicincta (Say) 2018 CTAHR Update - Two-lined Spittlebug (Prosapia bicincta (Say)) in Hawaii 2020-09 Twolined Spittlebug, A Pasture Pest in Paradise (recorded presentation) 2020-12-15 Twolined Spittlebug Update and Mobile Application Update (recorded presentation) 2022 Twolined Spittlebug Identification Key TLSB Mobile APP Videos: Twolined Spittlebug: A New Threat to Hawaiʻi's Agriculture TLSB Raise Awareness Two-lined spittle bug destroys pasture on the Big Island of Hawaii Podcasts: Livestock Wala’au, Episode 3: Twolined Spittlebug and it’s effect on rangeland in Hawaii Pasture Management: University of Florida Extension: Management of Spittlebugs in Pasture Turf Management: University of Georgia: TLSB: Biology and Management in Turf Grass North Carolina State: Twolined Spittlebugs in Turf Other References: Mississippi State University Extension: Twolined Spittlebug Scientific Papers: Beck, Elmer William. "Observations on the biology and cultural-insecticidal control of Prosapia bicincta, a spittlebug, on coastal bermudagrass." Journal of Economic Entomology 56.6 (1963): 747-752. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/56.6.747. Beck, E. W., and J. L. Skinner. "Seasonal light-trap collections of the twolined spittlebug in southern Georgia." Journal of Economic Entomology 65.1 (1972): 110-114. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/65.1.110 Byers, R. A. "Biology and control of a spittlebug, Prosapia bicincta (Say), on Coastal Bermudagrass." Biology and control of a spittlebug, Prosapia bicincta (Say), on Coastal Bermudagrass. (1965). https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/58.2.275 Byers, R. A., and Homer D. Wells. "Phytotoxemia of Coastal bermudagrass caused by the two-lined spittlebug, Prosapia bicincta (Homoptera: Cercopidae)." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 59.6 (1966): 1067-1071. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/59.6.1067 Fagan, E. Brad, and L. C. Kuitert. "Biology of the Two-Lined Spittlebug, Prosapia bicincta, on Florida Pastures (Homoptera: Cercopidae)" Florida Entomologist (1969): 199-206. https://doi.org/10.2307/3493854 Fagan, Ernest Brad. "Bionomics and control of the two-lined spittlebug, Prosapia bicincta, on Florida pastures and notes on Prosapia plagiata in Costa Rica (Homoptera: Cercopidae)." (1969). https://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00003558/00001 Joseph, Shimat V., and David Jespersen. "Influence of relative humidity on the expression of twolined spittlebug (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) feeding injury in turfgrass genotypes." Arthropod-Plant Interactions 15.2 (2021): 197-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-021-09808-6 Nachappa, Punya. Biology and management of twolined spittlebug, Prosapia bicincta (Say)(Hempitera: Cercopidae) in turfgrass. Diss. UGA, 2004. https://getd.libs.uga.edu/pdfs/nachappa_punya_b_200412_ms.pdf Nachappa, Punya Balachanda. "Investigation of predators of the twolined spittlebug, Prosapia bicincta (Say)(Homoptera: Cercopidae), an economic pest on turfgrass and ornamentals." The 2004 ESA Annual Meeting and Exhibition. 2004. https://esa.confex.com/esa/2004/techprogram/paper_16704.htm Nachappa, Punya, et al. "Functional response of the tiger beetle Megacephala carolina carolina (Coleoptera: Carabidae) on twolined spittlebug (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) and fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Journal of economic entomology 99.5 (2006): 1583-1589. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/99.5.1583 Nachappa, Punya, L. Paul Guillebeau, and S. Kristine Braman. "Exclusive use of hollies as male-specific hosts of twolined spittlebug (Hemiptera: Cercopidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 41.3 (2006): 261. https://doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-41.3.261 Pass, B. C., and J. K. Reed. "Biology and control of the spittlebug Prosapia bicincta in coastal Bermuda grass." Journal of Economic Entomology 58.2 (1965): 275-278. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/58.2.275 Peck, Daniel C. "Natural history of the spittlebug Prosapia nr. bicincta (Homoptera: Cercopidae) in association with dairy pastures of Costa Rica." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 91.4 (1998): 435-444. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/91.4.435 Shortman, Susan Lee. Resistance and susceptibility among turfgrasses and potential weedy hosts to twolined spittlebug (Prosapia bicincta (Say))(Hemiptera: Cercopidae). Diss. University of Georgia, 2001. https://getd.libs.uga.edu/pdfs/shortman_susan_l_200112_ms.pdf Taliaferro, C. M., R. A. Byers, and G. W. Burton. "Effects of Spittlebug Injury on Root Production and Sod Reserves of Coastal Bermudagrass." Agronomy Journal 59.6 (1967): 530-532. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1967.00021962005900060013x Valério, José Raul, César Cardona Mejía, D. C. Peck, G. Sotelo, and Segenet Kelemu. "Spittlebugs: Bioecology, host plant resistance and advances in IPM." (2001). https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/56032/tema5-2.pdf?sequence=1 https://www.tlsbhawaii.com/home daily 1.0 2022-11-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1624587622201-B2FXQWXOYJX7QUHQC7C0/saramoore.jpg Home My life as a rancher is going to change forever… From this insect. We’ve worked long and hard on our genetics, on our breeding programs, on our marketing- but none of that is gonna matter if I don’t have the forage to finish these cattle. We’ve had other influences to agriculture and ranching but I think this Twolined Spittlebug might top them all.” — Sara Moore, Kealia Ranch https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1645571625117-KJVRQDXA5E6KWBERB0V4/IMG_0062.jpg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/adab015b-aac2-4c45-9d84-bd0c0f11d21f/TLSB-APP.JPG Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/5f205bd7-9f64-4e5c-b57e-4c775ea40367/2019-07-12+Hualalai+Ranch+%283%29.JPG Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/585c1089-cdc9-4206-90a2-e29605f29285/IMG_5839.jpg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/7a38c0fd-682a-4550-ae7b-667565f04f5d/2020-05-15+Palani+NRCS+%2844%29.JPG Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/8145bc31-ca2b-4807-83db-7c92a207e0fc/2020-05-15+Palani+NRCS+%2832%29.JPG Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/718d99da-f675-4b00-8289-4817e0ab0424/IMG_1150.jpeg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/f2abb47b-2529-429b-bacd-cf29c348a285/2019-01-10+Hualalai+Ranch+%285%29.JPG Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/5d61d37f-3999-4e57-b296-ea35ce7db08b/2020-05-15+Palani+NRCS+%2825%29.JPG Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/603560fc-327b-4671-a013-d9b046bb466a/2019-01-10+Hualalai+Ranch+%284%29.JPG Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/3238e4b2-f4d6-4c43-a3e0-528d17f79d8e/2019-07-12+Hualalai+Ranch+%282%29.JPG Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/7eb57407-337d-40cb-92f6-31f8bcadcf44/nymph+in+mass4.JPG Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/044dee9a-f0d4-44f1-878d-b278ea50b492/upclose.JPG Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/ffb49ff0-c50c-4e78-8b1e-32dd8bdecc99/upclosenymph.jpeg Home https://www.tlsbhawaii.com/about-tlsb daily 0.75 2022-02-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1625883435366-ADPB04EZES5VIUF9454M/TLSBsmall.png About TLSB - The Two-lined Spittlebug (TLSB) is a member of the Cercopidae. It is native to southeastern North America and was first identified in Hawaii in 2016. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/97f0fb15-c922-415d-b938-3a0f44ebbfc9/TLSB+2021+Acreage+map.jpg About TLSB So far, TLSB is only known from the Kona area of the Big Island. It is currently as far north as Pu’u Wa’awa’a and as far south as Honaunau. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1625866307238-07BS2AD1BJZ39GZMY9PB/nymph+onroot.JPG About TLSB https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1625863900741-FOM260MGTPSRUHCH73Z3/2020-05-15%2BPalani%2BNRCS%2B%252835%2529.jpg About TLSB https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1625865433010-SLFHCI7ML6CMIDTLZV3F/2020-05-15%252BPalani%252BNRCS%252B%25252858%252529.jpg About TLSB https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1625865483952-G24B2PQWWPRL1BFQY0BI/2020-05-15%2BPalani%2BNRCS%2B%252825%2529.jpg About TLSB https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1625865403020-UZI91SNK0I9950VXS8VO/IMG_5839.jpg About TLSB https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1643164186093-7JH3ESTX17GTORQTYOLZ/2adultsongrass.jpg About TLSB https://www.tlsbhawaii.com/impacts-of-tlsb daily 0.75 2022-02-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1625882806642-5DF05J5AESQ2WZD8ZAZF/IMG_8667.JPEG Impacts of TLSB - Hawaii’s Agriculture. TLSB is having a massive impact to Hawaii’s agricultural livestock industries. The grasses that TLSB kills support about 70% of the cattle in the state. As damages accrue on a ranch, herds are being reduced. The loss of production is estimated at $133/ac. Initial recovery costs for severely damaged pasture is estimated at over $500/acre and recovery is expected to take up to 10 years. Healthy grazing lands are not only integral to Hawaii’s livestock industries, they are also provide important ecosystem services such as aesthetic value, open space, watershed function and wildlife habitat. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1625875095359-0SRWYXV47H0ZV8KUSUP9/39ef8e9d-64c2-4a6f-b1ca-652bca32afc8.jpg Impacts of TLSB - Hawaii’s Food Security. Hawaii’s livestock industry is extremely important to Hawaii’s food security and economy Cattle production is the largest producer of protein in the Islands Cattle is the third largest agricultural commodity in the state Sheep and other game wildlife also rely on the grass pastures and rangelands that TLSB is impacting https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1625877240297-8ZHG7VPRQ438SJ809JVM/2019-01-10+Hualalai+Ranch+%284%29.jpeg Impacts of TLSB - Hawaii’s Watersheds. TLSB impacts to watersheds: Reduction in grass cover results in changes to the plant community and in some cases soil erosion Changes in plant community impact watershed function TLSB impacts on water quality: Reduction in grass cover results in soil erosion Runoff makes its way to streams and oceans Sediment does damage to coral reefs TLSB impacts on forests: Kills grass under forest Provides opportunities for weeds to invade. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1625882964500-67DUD3B5UDOZXCJRUOJU/PC290089.JPG Impacts of TLSB - Hawaii’s Recreational Landscape. TLSB turns grasslands into thorny and impenetrable weed thickets. The grass meadows in Kona are quickly disappearing, and the rolling grass hills of Waimea and Kohala are at risk. Some landscape-based activities that will be impacted are: Hiking: Weeds that are taking the place of grass are often thorny and impenetrable, limiting access. View planes and open space: Beautiful, open, bright green landscapes are disappearing. Hunting and wildlife watching: Food for wildlife and open spaces are being reduced as invasive weeds take over. Other: We still do not know the full extent of what TLSB’s impacts will be to our beloved landscapes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1626131559988-9CWYML8PTLWHSA6PHIEK/papa.jpg Impacts of TLSB - Hawaii’s Culture and Community. As TLSB impacts our lands, the changes will be felt in our local culture and community: Paniolo heritage: Our Paniolo heritage is intimately tied to the ranching industry. If the industry suffers and jobs are lost, this proud heritage and important part of our local island culture will also be affected. Local economies and jobs: Ranches not only provide jobs to cowboys, but ranches also employ or use the services of banks, human resources agencies, bookkeepers, lawyers, veterinarians, mechanics, welders, carpenters and other business service providers. Ranches and their employees are also consumers of products and services such as agricultural supply products, lumber, tools and equipment and of course everyday household needs such as food, schools, medical services. If the industry cannot rebound from this pest, jobs will be lost and we will feel the ripple effect throughout our communities. Community food security: When COVID hit and processing plants on the continent were shut down, we realized just how vulnerable our food system is. Local farmers and ranchers “pivoted” and provided fresh meat and produce to local community food distribution hubs, ensuring their neighbors in their communities did not go without. This kind of resilience is only possible with a healthy, strong community food network made up of successful farmers and ranchers. As TLSB threatens the economic viability of ranching in Hawaii, it also threatens this resilience. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1625877593826-VEZU271KE9MYRY9J4CSE/002%2B2019-01-23%2Bgate.jpg Impacts of TLSB https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1625877346073-BIQNIRZCEKAX1TFEPFWA/001+2015+gate.jpg Impacts of TLSB https://www.tlsbhawaii.com/what-you-can-do daily 0.75 2022-02-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1624584276799-VSOQ0ACMVGUC2Y3E0RC8/cowboy.jpg What You Can Do https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1624585400882-V00P8V7CNFDLY6TANM71/InkedIMG_9357_LI.jpg What You Can Do https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1626835389650-AH51MJMWTY93J8JWRY41/643pestlarge.jpg What You Can Do https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1626835064665-J1TE42BX2SOLULGQ492D/2015_Ag+Footprint.JPG What You Can Do https://www.tlsbhawaii.com/donate daily 0.75 2021-07-10 https://www.tlsbhawaii.com/contact-us daily 0.75 2022-02-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1625884005271-4IVT82GLM7FOFG2FN2AW/TLSBSticker.png Contact Us - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.tlsbhawaii.com/our-work daily 0.75 2022-02-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1625885901335-QEARUDU41H3V43EZ9Y09/IMG_9330.JPEG Our Work - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1625885457768-W0HSFQ8ZGHE44LZYOS15/2020-05-15+Palani+NRCS+%2825%29.JPG Our Work - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1625886001668-QYLI6GJHGVPHTDR2TU6J/IMG_8736.JPEG Our Work - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1625886482791-HIO14AXAIHZABXO902V2/TLSB+Rack+Card+%28front%29+small.jpg Our Work - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.tlsbhawaii.com/tlsb-in-the-news daily 0.75 2022-11-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/996adf24-d0eb-4103-bbf3-c46a7b1d0453/RFP.jpg TLSB in the News - 2022-10-17 TWO-LINED SPITTLEBUG REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS (RFP) The Two-Lined Spittlebug (TLSB), Prosapia bicincta, was first detected in Hawai`i in 2016 and by 2021 infested 180,000 acres on Hawai`i Island. In recognition of the severe impacts of this pest, the Legislature appropriated $350,000 through Act 137 of Session Laws of Hawai`i 2021 for mitigation and control of the TLSB and recovery of the rangelands damaged by this pest. The Hawai`i Department of Agriculture (HDOA) will be issuing service awards via a request for proposals (RFP) through the Research Corporation of the University of Hawai`i to mitigate and control two-lined spittlebugs in affected rangelands. Affected rangeland-related businesses are encouraged to apply for funding through this program for the management and recovery from impacts caused by TLSB. We will have an informational period including two future online opportunities for consultation with the department. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1627062970167-GB3TB0KZ5PFRJKWZXHGH/2021-07-22+WHT.JPG TLSB in the News - 2021-07-22 Help is on the way: Funding to assist ranchers in battling two-lined spittlebug Help is on the way for Big Island ranchers fighting an invasive bug decimating pasture land in North and South Kona. Franny Brewer of the Big Island Invasive Species Committee said the two-lined spittlebug (TLSB) could fit easily on a fingernail, looking innocuous and almost pretty with its orange-on-black stripes. But for Big Island ranchers… https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1626837291697-7N41E2KOZSLWIHE48YQG/KHON2+2021-07-17.JPG TLSB in the News - 2021-07-17 Invasive pest threatening Hawaii's cattle industry. The invasive twolined spittlebug is threatening the Big Island Cattle industry and experts don't know how to get rid of it. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1626837658860-7CRE1V0AFX9S1QIHEVIH/HNN+2021-07-17.JPG TLSB in the News - 2021-07-17 Big Island ranches are reeling as tiny invasive bugs wreak havoc on pastures HONOLULU (HawaiiNewsNow) - A silent assassin is sweeping through pastures on Hawaii island, leaving a swath of destruction in its wake. The invasive two-lined spittlebug was first spotted in Kona in 2016. Since then, it has done a tremendous amount of damage. “It is completely decimating our mid to high-elevation pastures in Kona,” said Carolyn Wong, a grazing land management specialist with the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service... https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1626839407874-N1J2T3GZDI36IZP3DOKC/2021-07-19+MauiNews.JPG TLSB in the News - 2021-01-09 Two-lined spittlebug: A threat to Hawaii’s ranches, watersheds (The Maui News) - In 2016, a rancher on Hawaii island saw a large swath of his green pastures quickly turn brown. Surveys revealed a new invasive pest and even more damage: the two-lined spittlebug (Prosapia bicincta) had already decimated 2,000 acres of his land in the Kona area. Over the last four years, the infestation has expanded across 175,000 acres of rangeland — an area nearly half the size of Oahu. At this rate, the voracious bug is consuming 35,000 acres of pasture land each year. Maui ranchers are worried that the two-lined spittlebug will make it to our island and damage pastures here.. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1627063353184-R1HOHPYJT0HLP538GJIP/2020-02-12+MauiNews.JPG TLSB in the News - 2020-02-12 Schatz Seeks Federal Help to Fight Invasive Spittlebug on Hawai‘i Island (The Maui News) - US Senator Brian Schatz of Hawai‘i is calling on Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue to step in and provide “immediate support” toward efforts to control and eradicate the invasive spittlebug pest that he says is threatening Hawai‘i Island’s livestock industry. “This invasive pest could destroy Hawai‘i’s proud heritage of ranching by decimating the pastures that allow Hawai‘i cattle to grow strong and healthy,” Senator Schatz wrote in his letter to Secretary Perdue, “our ranchers need your help urgently to maintain this vibrant part of Hawai‘i’s agricultural economy.” https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1626840135612-3K9YHWOLG6P0YNXW2MXD/2019-12-10+HTH.JPG TLSB in the News - 2019-12-10 Farmers have few options for fighting two-lined spittle bug (Hawaii Tribune Herald) - County, state and federal agencies are still seeking solutions to an invasive insect that threatens much of the Big Island’s livestock industry. The two-lined spittle bug is originally native to the southern United States but was first discovered on the Big Island in 2016. Since then, the insects have affected hundreds of thousands of acres of cattle grazing land on the Island, but no effective solution has been proven. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60971195bf75b0429c4f2d50/1627063714109-OW2L6JZP4BOAUBOAQ2QZ/2019-12-02+HamakuaTimes.JPG TLSB in the News - 2019-12-02 The Two-Lined Spittle Bug (TLSB) (Hamakua Times) - Livestock ranching is a highly productive and extremely valuable industry in Hawaii with more than 142,000 head of beef cattle in the state on 1,300 ranches However, the Hawaiian livestock industry now faces a severe threat from a new exotic grass pest. The Two-Lined Spittle Bug (TLSB) was discovered in Kailua- Kona in late 2016 when a rancher on upper-elevation Hualalai first reported widespread die-off of pastures. Nearly 2,000 acres were already affected and by late 2018, surveys revealed that the TLSB had impacted 126,000 acres of rangeland. Recent surveys show that the insect is now moving toward the pastures of Waimea…